This seminar examines why and how the legal system differentiates children in trouble from misbehaving adults. It looks at both the original and current issues concerning the juvenile justice system. Along the way, the course explores the question of what remains of the juvenile court’s rehabilitative ideal; issues in a juvenile delinquency case from intake to disposition; the constitutional domestication of juvenile courts; and the open question whether the century-old separate juvenile justice system deserves revival or replacement.